Designing a model to measure and manage the implementation of green initiatives at South African universities

South African universities experience increased pressure to comply with and implement environmentally friendly practices. Specifically, state-funded need enhance environmental management efficiency awareness. However, measuring the implementation of green initiatives in higher education takes time effort. models for are absent, international inapplicable. Therefore, this study aims develop empirically test model by investigating existing theories identifying potential factors education. The paper determined ten initial from 31 studies, limiting their number five. finally selected cost products, awareness, training education, top attitude commitment, committee sustainable accountability, digital transformation. This qualitative uses a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire sampling 149 university managers. Structural equation modeling retained three original five model: knowledge environment (SRW = 0.76) is also crucial. Ten theoretical criteria as valid measures implementing initiatives. has good fit indices (CMin/Df 4.07, CFI 0.944, GFI 0.909), despite RMSEA exceeding 0.10. developed conceptual can be used measure universities.